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    737NG关于电源转换时风挡雨刷偶尔会自己动一下的说明
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    分享一个关于风挡雨刷开关在PARK位,雨刷偶尔作动的问题,可能不是很常见,但有人可能会碰到,了解一下吧。



    01

    事件背景



    前些天被问到的一个问题:某737NG飞机刚一接电,雨刷开关在PARK位,没有动雨刷旋钮,前风挡雨刷会不受控的刮一下。而且都是地面电源转为APU电源转的时候,也并不是每次都出。


    这是啥情况呢?


    想起之前一个遇到的一个类似故障:某737-700飞机,机组反映空中左侧雨刷自动工作,作动两次后停止。


    航后预防性更换雨刷马达,后续故障未再次出现。



    后面看了下修理报告,是BDCM驱动模块故障。


    再次看到这个问题后,感觉问题可能没这么简单,又去网上找了一下,发现波音网上有人也曾反映过类似问题:


    737NG-FTE-30-10008

    Uncommanded Wiper Movement


    Q:

    HAP experienced occasional un-commanded windshield wiper sweeps when transferring power from ground to APU. For info: the wiper switch position is in Park-Position.


    As a subsequent damage un-commanded movement of wipers on dry windshields can cause scratches.


    An un-commanded wiper sweep during power transfers do not affect the airworthiness of the airplane and there are no restrictions regarding further flight.


    For trouble-shooting Panel P5-4 with integrated wiper switch (PN233A3204-1) had been Cross-changed with a new one. Result: No help.


    Question: Did other operator had seen this phanomenum and what was the final action


    A:

    DAL has encountered this condition on one aircraft. The Captains and/or First Officers windshield wipers moved momentarily when the wiper switches were in the PARK position and electrical power was transferred from external to APU.


    Extensive troubleshooting found that the DC Bus Tie relay R9 would cycle from close to open and back to close during a 50 ms period. The opening and closing of this relay caused voltage transients to occur on the DC busses and influenced the voltage levels within the wiper control switches resulting in uncommanded movements.Boeing was contacted about this phenomenon and instructed Delta of similar occurrences in Seattle.


    Boeing advised that this fault was a nuisance which would not affect the airworthiness of the aircraft.DAL has implemented a procedure to test the windshield wiper system to determine if the uncommanded wiper movement during external to APU power transfer is a nuisance fault or not.


    The procedure uses the Bus Transfer switch in the cockpit to open relay R9. In this way, the DC 1 bus and DC 2 bus are completely isolated from each other and the voltage transient that may occur because of relay R9 is no longer possible.


    By eliminating the voltage transient produced by relay R9, the TRUs are able to provide cleaner voltage outputs to the wiper switch controller resulting in no wiper anomalies. In addition, if the test identifies that the wipers do continue to malfunction even with R9 removed from the circuit, then another problem with the system exists and must be addressed prior to flight in accordance with proper maintenance procedures.Ref. DAL-DAL-10-2763-08B.





    02

    原理分析



    从上面DAL分享的信息可以看出,原因是从地面电源转到APU电源时,直流汇流条交叉连接继电器R9会在50毫秒内作动一个循环:关→开→关。


    R9继电器的断开和闭合导致直流汇流条上出现电压瞬变,并影响雨刷控制开关内的电压值,从而导致运动。


    左右原理一样,右边电源来自28V DC BUS 2


    雨刷开关是一个四位(PARK、INT、LOW、HIGH)选择器。原理实际是一个分压器,向马达内的电子控制组件发送不同的电压信号,以提供间歇、低速和高速雨刷操作。



    • PARK - 关断雨刷电机,收起雨刷片。

    • INT - 每6-8秒钟间歇地操作

    • LOW - 低速操作

    • HIGH- 高速操作


    各档开关输出的电压值信号如下:


    以4.8 VDC为档位5等分24V DC电压


    电压瞬间波动导致开关给出的电压过高,就会瞬间给出一个非PARK位的信号,从而导致雨刷瞬间作动。



    03

    维护提示



    参考SSM 24-32-11,因为红圈处的与门,R9要吸合的条件之一就是电源面板上的汇流条转换电门(BUS TRANS)必须要在AUTO位。


    波音在西雅图测试也发现了同样的问题,认为这种故障并不会影响飞机的适航。


    所以DAL开发了一个风挡雨刷测试程序,专门用来判断这种假故障。以判断在APU-外部电源转换期间非指令性的雨刷作动是否是一个干扰故障。



    测试程序将驾驶舱内汇流条转换面板上的BUS TRANS开关保持放在OFF位,让继电器R9 松开,再来进行电源转换。这样,DC BUS1和DC BUS 2完全相互隔离,不再可能发生由继电器R9引起的电压瞬变。


    通过消除继电器R9产生的电压瞬变,TRU能够向雨刷控制开关提供更稳定的电压输出,从而不会导致雨刷异常作动。如果测试发现,即使将R9从电路上隔离,故障还会出现,则系统存在别的问题,必须在飞行前完成排故。


    平时遇到类似问题,可以参考DAL提供的经验来判断。


    最后特别提醒一下:飞行中没下雨时,千万不要去操作测试风挡雨刷,会导致雨刷机械损坏,有可能进一步导致打坏蒙皮或风挡,对飞行安全造成影响。



    地面测试时也需风挡上持续有水,否则干刮会导致玻璃损伤。完了以后用干毛巾把玻璃擦干。





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